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Types of cyclodextrins
Release Date:
2023-07-11
Physicochemical Properties of Cyclodextrins Cyclodextrin is the English name for cyclodextrin, abbreviated as CD. In the pharmaceutical industry, cyclodextrin is commonly referred to as CD, with the abbreviation “Xidi.” Substances prepared using cyclodextrin inclusion technology are generally designated as “CD + substance name,” abbreviated as “Xidi + substance name.” Cyclodextrin is a pharmaceutical excipient obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis and cyclization of starch, resulting in cyclic oligomers composed of six or more glucose units. The most common types are α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD). In the pharmaceutical industry, β-cyclodextrin is typically preferred. β-Cyclodextrin has a cyclic molecular structure: its outer surface is hydrophilic, while its interior is hydrophobic. This structural feature enables it to accommodate hydrophobic molecules or functional groups of appropriate shape and size within its internal cavity, thereby forming inclusion complexes. The β-cyclodextrin inclusion technique is widely used in the formulation industry due to the following advantages: ① It enhances drug stability; after being included in β-cyclodextrin, certain drugs can be protected from volatilization, sublimation, oxidation, light exposure, and degradation. ② It improves bioavailability. ③ It reduces toxic side effects by diminishing drug irritation and masking unpleasant tastes. ④ The volatility of volatile liquids, solids, and oily liquids is significantly reduced upon inclusion in cyclodextrin. ⑤ It does not alter the physicochemical properties of the drug and does not affect its therapeutic efficacy.
Physicochemical Properties of Cyclodextrins
The English name for cyclodextrin is Cyclodextrin, with the abbreviation CD. In the pharmaceutical industry, cyclodextrin is commonly referred to as CD, or “Xidi” in Chinese. Substances prepared using cyclodextrin inclusion technology are generally designated as CD plus the name of the guest molecule, abbreviated as “Xidi plus the guest molecule’s name.”
Cyclodextrins are pharmaceutical excipients obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis and cyclization of starch, resulting in cyclic oligomers composed of six or more glucose units. The most common types are α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD); in the pharmaceutical industry, β-cyclodextrin is typically the preferred choice.
β-Cyclodextrin has a cyclic molecular structure with a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic interior. This unique architecture enables it to encapsulate hydrophobic molecules or functional groups of appropriate shape and size within its internal cavity, thereby forming inclusion complexes.
β-Cyclodextrin inclusion technology is widely used in the pharmaceutical formulation industry, primarily due to the following advantages:
① Enhancing drug stability: Certain drugs, upon complexation with β-cyclodextrin, can be protected from volatilization, sublimation, oxidation, photodegradation, and thermal decomposition.
② Enhance bioavailability;
③ Reduce toxic side effects, decrease the irritancy of drugs, and mask their distinctive taste;
④ The volatility of volatile liquids, solids, and oily liquids is significantly reduced upon cyclodextrin inclusion.
⑤ Does not alter the physicochemical properties of the drug and does not affect its therapeutic efficacy.
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